http://www.appletpie.com/apie/apiedemo/temas_de_matematicas.html
Objectives
• Analyze and interpret statistical information provided by different meansof communication to understand scientific phenomena, social, political and other
presented in the environment.
• Apply the calculation of measures of central tendency and dispersion, in those phenomena necessary environment to facilitate their interpretation
INTRODUCTION
Statistics, is one of the most widely used in scientific research . Used in governmental, educational, business, industry and other organizations.
However, the statistical term means different things to different people. For some it is more than numerical information, as well as a method to obtain, present and describe large amounts of data, and for others it is a method for making decisions under uncertainty.
The study we do in this unit will try to clarify the meaning of statistics.
is important to know what you remember some of the concepts studied in previous years:
What are the statistical graphs?
What kind of statistical graphs you know? How do you build
statistical graphics? When you read newspapers
've seen some statistical information? How do you
is easier to understand this information, using a table or a chart? Why?
What elements need to develop statistical charts?
What does an average?
What is the arithmetic mean?
would I have used the arithmetic mean?
Do you know that you use the measure called median?
What is fashion to you?
Did the information presented by the media make use of these measures mentioned?
If you forget some of these issues, discuss them with the tutor, as well as the information read in the media, in order to make a good
interpretation of them.
Definition and statistics division
In common parlance, the word statistics is used to denote a set of scores or numbers. For example, a sports writer can say "these are the statistics for the first half of the tournament," Someone may ask have you seen the latest unemployment statistics? or have you read the statistics about car accidents during the last weekend? Situations
how are you, we take it is important to clarify what is statistical. Definition
There are several definitions:
The statistic refers to a set of methods to handle the
collection, presentation and analysis of observations. Its aims are to describe the set of data and make decisions or make generalizations about the characteristics of all possible observations.
Statistics is the science of collection, classification, presentation and interpretation of data
Statistics Division
The field of statistics is generally divided into two areas: descriptive statistics and inferential statistics.
Descriptive statistics: Which is the construction of charts, tables, frequency distribution, calculation of averages, measures of dispersion, etc.. Description, analysis of a dataset.
inferential statistics. The process based on information from a sample, infer conclusions about the total data set or population, likewise, obtained other measures that can be used in future statistical analysis
.
Basics
familiarize ourselves with some statistical concepts:
Tip: is the numeric value or characteristic that is associated with an element of the sample or population. There are two classes of data: Qualitative data
or attributes: These are the qualities referred to as a profession, sex, religion, marital status, and others.
quantitative or numerical data, are those relating to quantities and therefore are designated by numerical variables such as wages, number of siblings, age, qualifications, etc.
Variable: The characteristic of interest about each element of a population or sample.
Variables can be discrete or continuous.
Continuous variables are those that take any value from a range, eg, the height of learners as well. Example
a) Duration of a color television.
b) time measurements of a chemical reaction when pouring into a test tube.
c) The weight of a person.
d) The height of learners as
Discrete variables are those that take integer values. Example
a) The number of jeans sold in a store, for a month
b) The number of students entering high school a national institute c) The number of daily deliveries in the maternity hospital.
d) The number of employees in a company e) The number of library books, etc..
Population: a collection of individuals, observations or measurements that have one thing in common and on which you are interested.
Sample: A subset of the population, or part of a population. Parameter: Data that characterize a population. Statistics: Data that characterize a sample.
Measurement: The allocation of symbols (names or numbers) to indicate differences in the variables. Absolute frequency
or simply frequency: The number of times which is repeated a given value of the variable. Frequency is usually represented by the letter f.
Attribute table: Table statistics in order to present qualitative data with their respective frequency.
frequency distribution table: Table or statistical table that contains summary information.
Organization and reporting
The way to organize and manage the information collected depends on the size of them.
If the data are qualitative, are sorted according to the preference of each
whom.
If the data are quantitative, it must be done first an order
either in ascending or descending. Example
Presented in a table of attributes of qualitative data, referred to the opinion of 20 people and the sport of their choice.
Asking people, we obtained the following information:
handball, gymnastics, swimming, long jump, handball, swimming, handball, gymnastics, swimming, handball, handball, long jump, handball, swimming, handball, swimming, handball, gymnastics, handball, swimming.
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